Sequence LIST
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Peronospora arborescens
Detail Info
Scientific Name Peronospora arborescens (Berk.) de Bary, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Sér. 4, 20: 119 (1863)
Synonyms Botrytis arborescens Berk., J. Hort. Soc. London 1: 31 (1846)
Disease Downy mildew
Taxonomic Rank
Order Peronosporales Family Peronosporaceae
Host Plant
Common Name (개양귀비) Scientific Name Papaver rhoeas
paper
Distribution Circumglobal where the host plant is growing
Characteristics Infection began as chlorotic, polyangular, and necrotic lesions on the lower leaf surface, which later coalesced into larger patches. Down hypophyllous, greyish. Conidiophores (n=50) were hyaline, (208–)230 to 302.6(–377) × 6 to 11.6 μm, straight, monopodially branched in 4-7 orders. Ultimate branchlets were mainly paired, flexuous to curved, (3.6–)4.25 to 10.6(–20.7) μm long, with an obtuse tip. Conidia were broadly subglobose to ellipsoidal or obovate, greyish brown, and measured (17.7–)19.4 to 21.6(–22.5) × (14.2–)15.3 to 17.4(–18.9) μm, with a length/width ratio from (1.1–)1.18 to 1.34(–1.43). Oogonia were globose or subglobose to irregular, yellow brown to light brown, and measured (33.5–)38.2 to 46.4(–53.7) × (27.1–)33.4 to 40.8(–44.8) μm. Oospores were globose and measured (19.4–)22.2 to 28.4 (–38.6) μm.
Notes Although Peronospora arborescens had previously been reported on Papaver nudicaule and several other Papaver species, including P. somniferum, P. dubium, P. caucasicum, P. rhoeas, P. setigerum, and P. argemone in various countries (Francis 1981). According to the study by Voglmayr. et al. (2014), phylogenetic analyses of downy mildew on Papaver spp. revealed the separation of Peronospora arborescens, and among several Papaver hosts, including P. somniferum, only P. rhoeas was confirmed as a host of P. arborescens. This pathogen has been reported throughout Europe and in western and southern Asia, including India, Pakistan, and Israel. (Farr and Rossman 2025).
Economic importance Constantinescu, O. (2004). Taxon 53(2):523-525.
Farr, D. F., and Rossman, A. Y. (2025). Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved July 16, 2025, from https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Oh, Y. J., et al. (2021). Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure, 8:154.
Shin, H.D. (2006). Peronosporaceae of Korea. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology.
Shin, H.D. & Choi, Y.J. (2003). Mycotaxon 86:249-267.
Voglmayr, H., et al. (2006). mycological research, 110:633.
References Farr, D. F., and Rossman, A. Y. 2025. Fungal Databases. Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., ARS, USDA. Retrieved July 16, 2025, from https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/
Francis, S. M. 1981. Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, (69), Sheet-686.
Grauso, L., et al. 2021. Phytochem Rev 20:227.
Kil, J., and Kim, C.-G. 2014. Weed & Turfgrass Science 3:206.
Secretariat, G. 2023. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist Dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei Accessed via GBIF. org on 2025-07-15.
Voglmayr, H. et al. 2014. PLoS One, 9(5), e96838.
Images
Disease symptoms (field)
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Disease symptoms (Stereo-microscopy)
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DIC microscopy
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PV945991 ITS ( 800 bp ) 
TCCACGTGAACCGTATCAACCCAATTAATTGGGGGTTTCCTTGGCGGCTGCTGCTGGCATGTTTTTGCTGGCTGGCAGCTGCTGAGTAAACCCTATCATG
GCGAGTGCTCTGATCTCGGTCGGAGCTAGTAGCTTCAATTTTAAACCCTTTCTTAAATACTGAATATACTGTAGGGACGAAAGTCTCTGCTTTTAACTAG
ATAGCAACTTTCAGCAGTGGATGTCTAGGCTCGCACATCGATSAAGAACGCTGCGAACTGCGATACGTAATGCGAATTGCAGGATTCAGTGAGTCATCGA
AATTTTGAACGCATATTGCACTTCCGGGTTAGCCCTGGGAGTATGCCTGTATCAGTGTCCGTACATCAAACTTGGTTTTCTTCTTTCCGTGTAGTCGGTG
GAGGATATGCCAGATGTGAAGTGTCTTGCGGTTGATTTTCGGATCGGCTGCGAGTCCTTTGAAATGTACAGAACTGTATTCTCTTTGTTCGAAAAGCATG
GCGTTGCTGGTTGTGAAGGCTGTCCGTGTGGCTAGTCGGCGATCGGTTTGTCTGCTATGGCGATAATGGAGGAGTGTTCGATTCGCGGTATGGTTGGCTT
CGGCTGAACAGACGCTTATTGGATATTCTTCCTGCTGTGGCGGTATAACTGGTGAACCGTATTCATATGTGACTTGGCTTTTGAATTAGCTTTGCTATTG
CGAAGTACAGTGGCAGTTTCGGCTGTCGAGGGTCAACCCATTTGGGAAATTTGTGCTGTGCGACTTCGGTTGCGTGGCATCTCACTTGGACCTGATATCA

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PV945992 ITS ( 807 bp ) 
AACTTTCCACGTGAACCGTATCAACCCAATTAATTGGGGGTTTCGTTGGCGGCTGCTGCTGGCATGTTTTTGCTGGCTAGCAGCTGCTGAGTAAACCCTA
TCATGGCGAGTGCTCTGATCTCGGTCGGAGCTAGTAGCTTCAATTTTAAACCCTTTCTTAAATACTGAATATACTGTAGGGACGAAAGTCTCTGCTTTTA
ACTAGATAGCAACTTTCAGCAGTGGATGTCTAGGCTCGCACATCGATGAAGAACGCTGCGAACTGCGATACGTAATGCGAATTGCAGGATTCAGTGAGTC
ATCGAAATTTTGAACGCATATTGCACTCCCGGGTTAGCCCTGGGAGTATGCCTGTATCAGTGTCCGTACATCAAACTTGGTTTTCTTCTTTCCGTGTAGT
CGGTGGAGGATATGCCAGATGTGAAGTGTCTTGCGGTTGATTTTCGGATCGGCTGCGAGTCCTTTGAAATGTACAGAACTGTATTCTCTTTGTTCGAAAA
GCATGGCGTTGCTGGTTGTGAAGGCTGTCCGTGTGGCTAGTCGGCGATCGGTTTGTCTGCTATGGCGATAATGGAGGAGTGTTCGATTCGCGGTATGGTT
GGCTTCGGCTGAACAGACGCTTATTGGATATTCTTCCTGCTGTGGCGGTATAACTGGTGAACCGTATTCATATGTGACTTGGCTTTTGAATTAGCTTTGC
TATTGCGAAGTAGAGTGGCAGTTTCGGCTGTCGAGGGTCAACCCATTTGGGAAATTTGTGTTGTGCGACTTCGGTTGCGTGGCATCTCAATTGGACCTGA
TATCAGG
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PV956199 cox2 ( 585 bp ) 
GCAACTCCAGTTATGGAAGGTATTATTAACTTTCATCATGATTTAATGTTTTTTTTAATTATCGTTACTGTATTTGTTTGTTGGATGTTATTTAGAGTAA
TTACTCTTTTTGATGAAAAAAAAAATAAAATTCCAGCAACGGTGGTACATGGAGCTACTATAGAAATTATTTGGACTTCTATTCCAGCTTTAATTTTATT
GATGGTAGCCGTACCGTCCTTCGCTTTATTATATTCAATGGATGAGGTAATTGATCCTATCATTACATTAAAAGTAATTGGGAATCAATGGTACTGGAGT
TATGAATATTCCGATAATTTAGAATTTTCCGATGAACCTTTAATTTTCGATAGTTATATGGTACAAGAGGATGATTTAGCAATAGGTCAATTTCGACTTT
TAGAAGTAGATAATCGTGTAGTTGTCCCCACTAATAGTCATATTAGAATATTAATTACGGCTTCTGATGTTTTACATTCATGGGCTATACCTTCATTAGG
TATTAAATTGGATGCTTGTCCGGGACGTTTAAATCAAACATCAATGTTTATTAAAAGGGAAGGTGTTTTTTACGGACAATGTAG
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PV956200 cox2 ( 585 bp ) 
AGCAACTCCAGTTATGGAAGGTATTATTAACTTTCATCATGATTTAATGTTTTTTTTAATTATCGTTACTGTATTTGTTTGTTGGATGTTATTTAGAGTA
ATTACTCTTTTTGATGAAAAAAAAAATAAAATTCCAGCAACGGTGGTACATGGAGCTACTATAGAAATTATTTGGACTTCTATTCCAGCTTTAATTTTAT
TGATGGTAGCCGTACCGTCCTTCGCTTTATTATATTCAATGGATGAGGTAATTGATCCTATCATTACATTAAAAGTAATTGGGAATCAATGGTACTGGAG
TTATGAATATTCCGATAATTTAGAATTTTCCGATGAACCTTTAATTTTCGATAGTTATATGGTACAAGAGGATGATTTAGCAATAGGTCAATTTCGACTT
TTAGAAGTAGATAATCGTGTAGTTGTCCCCACTAATAGTCATATTAGAATATTAATTACGGCTTCTGATGTTTTACATTCATGGGCTATACCTTCATTAG
GTATTAAATTGGATGCTTGTCCGGGACGTTTAAATCAAACATCAATGTTTATTAAAAGGGAAGGTGTTTTTTACGGACAATGTAG
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PV956201 cox2 ( 542 bp ) 
TTAATGTTTTTTTTAATTATCGTTACTGTATTTGTTTGTTGGATGTTATTTAGAGTAATTACTCTTTTTGATGAAAAAAAAAATAAAATTCCAGCAACGG
TGGTACATGGAGCTACTATAGAAATTATTTGGACTTCTATTCCAGCTTTAATTTTATTGATGGTAGCCGTACCGTCCTTCGCTTTATTATATTCAATGGA
TGAGGTAATTGATCCTATCATTACATTAAAAGTAATTGGGAATCAATGGTACTGGAGTTATGAATATTCCGATAATTTAGAATTTTCCGATGAACCTTTA
ATTTTCGATAGTTATATGGTACAAGAGGATGATTTAGCAATAGGTCAATTTCGACTTTTAGAAGTAGATAATCGTGTAGTTGTCCCCACTAATAGTCATA
TTAGAATATTAATTACGGCTTCTGATGTTTTACATTCATGGGCTATACCTTCATTAGGTATTAAATTGGATGCTTGTCCGGGACGTTTAAATCAAACATC
AATGTTTATTAAAAGGGAAGGTGTTTTTTACGGACAATGTAG
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