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Peronospora destructor
| Scientific Name | Peronospora destructor (Berk.) Casp. ex Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. (London): 349 (1860) |
| Synonyms |
Botrytis destructor Berk., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 1, 6: 436 (1841) Peronospora schleidenii Unger, Bot. Ztg. 5: 315 (1847) |
| Disease | Downy mildew |
| Taxonomic Rank | |||
| Order | Peronosporales | Family | Peronosporaceae |
| Host Plant | |||
| Common Name | Onion (양파) | Scientific Name | Allium cepa |
| Common Name | Welsh onion (파) | Scientific Name | Allium fistulosum |
| Distribution | Circumglobal where the host plant is growing |
| Characteristics | Lesions commonly present on leaves, yellow to light green spots variable in size on leaves, which later darken; infected leaves dwarfed, shrived, collapse, and finally die. Down greyish to violet due to the conidial color, consisting of scattered to agglomerated conidiophores. Conidiophores hyaline to subhyaline, stout, straight, 140-230 µm long, 20-30 µm below the first branch; trunk straight, 40-150 µm long, basal end not differentiated, rarely slightly bulbous, 10-25(-35) µm at the base, callose plugs absent; branches simple, monopodially or trichotomously branched 3-5(-6) orders. Ultimate branchlets in pairs or single, substraight to slightly curved, 5-40 µm long, 3-5 µm wide at the base, apex subtruncate or rarely obtuse. Conidia pale brownish to brown, obovoidal to pyriform, 40-56(-66) µm long, 21-27.5 µm wide, l/w ratio 1.75-2.15 (n=111), greatest width median or supra-median, becoming narrower toward the base; pedicel slightly protruding to 3 µm wide and 1.5 µm long. Resting organ not seen |
| Notes | Peronospora destructor is practically world-wide in distribution and was first recorded in Korea by Nakata & Takimoto (1928) on Allium fistulosum, and later by Park (1958) on A. cepa. The pathogen attacks various kinds of onions, but it is especially destructive to the common onion (A. cepa). The apex of ultimate branchlets was subtruncate, which seems to be characteristic for this species. The length of conidiophores in Korean materials is similar to the description of Mukerji (1975) with 122-150 µm, while it was considerately smaller than other previous descriptions: 200-570 µm by Kochman & Majewski (1970), 297-702 µm by Stanyavichene (1984), 250-600 µm by Ul’yanishchev et al. (1985), 270-560 µm by Vanev et al. (1993), 297-702 µm by Staneviciené (1995), and 245-490 µm by Yu et al. (1998). The unique morphologic character of this species is the size of the conidia, which is very larger than other Peronospora species with 30 × 20 µm or less as typical conidial size. Nevertheless, it seems to be a typical Peronospora species based on branching pattern of conidiophores, colored conidia, and the germination of conidia by germ tubes |
| Economic importance | The downy mildew disease of A. cepa associated with this fungus produced severe economic damage in the southern part of Korea in May from 2002 to 2005. The percentage of destructed plants was very higher than that infected by any economically important downy mildew pathogens. Outbreak seems to be caused by the high humidity, low temperature, bad irrigation, and dense stands. The pathogen formed the conidiophores on the surface of infected leaves, and appeared as greyish-violet down by color of conidia |
| References | - |
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| MN000002 | ITS ( 2,971 bp ) |
|---|---|
CTCGTTAATCCATTCATGCGCGTCACTAATTAGATGACGAGGCATTTGGCTACCTTAAGAGAGTCATAGTTACTCCCGCCGTTTACCCGCGCTTGGTTGA ATTTCTTCACTTTGACATTCAGAGCACTGGGCAGAAATCACATTGTGTCAACACCATTTTCTGGCCATCACAATGCTATGTTTTAATTAGACAGTCAGAT TCCCCTTGTCCGTTCCAGTTCATAGTTGACAGTTAATTGCTTGCCAGACGCTTTTAAAGGCTGCCCAAAACATCACAATAAAGTTCCATCCAAGTCCGCC ACTAGTTTCCTAGTAGTAGTCCTAGTCAGATCCTTAAAGATCTATTAAGGGCCCAACAAGCCCTGCCCTATGAGCCAATCCTTTTCCCTAAGTTACGGAT CTATTTTGCCGACTTCCCTTATCTACATTATTCTATTGACCAGAGGCTGATCACCTTGGGGACCTGATGCGGATATTGGTACAGTTGGGTACAAGACTTT TTCAATCCCTTGGTTTTTCAAGGATCCTCAAGGACACACCAGACTTTACAGAGGTGTAAAGCTCTACCAATCATTAAACCCTATCTCCAAATAATTTGCT TCCAGGGTTTCAGATTGTTAAGGAGAAAAGAAAACTCTTCCTGGGGCCCTTGCAGATGTCACCAAGTTCATATATGTTACCATTCAAAATCTGTATCCCA GTTGTAGAATTTTAACTACATTCCCTTTCAATAGGTGATGCTAACAAGAGCATACTTTAAAACAGACTTTCCCTATCTTTTAGGACTGACTAACCCATGT CCAACTACTGTGACCATGGAACCCTTCCCCACTTCAGTCTTCAAGGTTCTCACTTGAATATTTGCTACTTCCACCAAGATCTGCACTAGAGGCTGTTTCA CTCAGCATCACTGCTAAAGCTTCAATACAAAACCCCCACGCCTGCCTACTCATTAATATTTTAAATAATATTAATGGCAAGGTATAGGTAATACACTTAA GCGCCATCCATTTTCAGGGCTAGTTCATTCGGCCGTTGAGTTGTTACACACTCCTTAGCGGATTCCGACTTCCATGGCCACCGTGCGGCTGTCTAGATGA ACTAACACCTTTTGTGGTGTCTCATGAGTGTATATTCTGGCACCTTAACCTTGCGTTCGGTTCATCCCGCATCGCCAGTTCTGCTTACCAAAAATGGCCC ACTAGAGACTCTCATTCAAATTCCCAAGTTCAATTAAGAAACAGGGGTATCTTACATATTTAAAGTTTGAGAATAGGTTAAGGATGTTTCATCCCCAAGG CCTCTAATCATTCGCTTTACCTCATAAAACTGATGTGAGTCTCTGCTATCCTGAGGGAAACTTCGGCAGGAACCAGCTACTAGATGGTTCGATTAGTCTT TCGCCCCTATACCCAAATTTGACAATCGATTTGCACGTCAGAACTGCTACGAGCTTCCACCAGAGTTTCCTCTGGCTTCACCCTATTCAGGCATAGTTCA CCATCTTTCGGGTCCCAACATACTTGCTCTTACTCAGTACCATCATATAAATAATCTGGACTGGTCAATGGTGCACTTTTTACAGATCCCATTTACATTC ACTTTCATTACGCATAAGGGTTTTAACACCCAAATACTCGCAAGCATGTTAGACTCCTTGGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGGGTCATTTAAAGCTATTATACCA ACATCCTCAATAAGAAAAACATTAATTTGTTTTACCAAATAAATGGCTTATTGCGATCCTCAATCTTAAACATTGTATCAAATTTAAGGATTATAACACA GCCTAAACTGTAACATCTCCAAAAACCTTCTCCAACATTCAAAGATTGATGTTGGTCTGTTAATCATTAGAATACACCTTTAAAAAAGTTGAACTAACAA TAACAAGTCTAACTTCAAATGTTTCCCTTTTAACAATTTCACGTACTGTTAACTCTCTTTCCAAAGTTCTTTTCATCTTTCCCTCACGGTACTTGTTTGC TATCGGTCTCTCACCTATATTTAGCCTTAGATGGAATTTACCACCCACTTTGAGCTGCATTCCCAAACAACTCGACTCTTAGAGACTGTATCATATAGTA CTACTTATCCATTCCATAAACGGGATTATCACCCTCAATGATGCTGTTTTCCAACAGACTTATAAATGGGGTAGCACAGAAAACAGCTCTTCAAATTACA ACTCGGACTCTAAAAGAGCCAGATTACAAATTTGGGCTTTTCCCTCTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAGGGGAATCCTTGTTAGTTTCTTTTCCTCTGCTTATTG ATATGCTTAAGTTCAGCAGGTAGTCCCACCTGATTTGAGGTCTTAAAAAAAGAATTTGTCATATTGACAGGTTAGAAGCAATTTCATTACTATAAAGAAA TGGCAGTATCTAAAAAAGATACACTTCTTAATGAAGATAATATATCACATTAAGTCAATCCAAATCAAAGTATGAAAAAAACTTATATATTTAAAGTGAG CCAATTACAGCAACACTCAAAATCCATTAAAAAATCTTAATAAAATAAAATTAATTAATGAGAAGGTTTCATGACACTCAAACAGGTGTGCCTTTTGGAA TACCAAAAGGCGCAAGGTGCGTTCAAAGATTCGATGATTCACTGAATTCTGCAATTCACATTACTTATCACATTTCACTGTGTTCTTCATCGATGTGAGA GCCTAGAGATCCATTGTTAAAAGTTATATAATTTTTTGGTTTTTACATTCTTAAAACTTGATTTTAGACAATAATAATAAGGGGGGTAATGTGACAAAGA TTAATATCTTTGCCACGTATACCAAATTACTATGTTTCAATAAAGCTACATGTAATAAGGTAGAAGTTGTTTAAATTTTAAAAATTTGAGCCACAATTAA GTGCACTCATTTTTTTAATAATGATCCTTCCGCAGGTTCACCTACGGAAACCTTGTTACGACTTTTACTTC |
| KUS-F00002 | cox2 ( 2,971 bp ) |
|---|---|
CTCGTTAATCCATTCATGCGCGTCACTAATTAGATGACGAGGCATTTGGCTACCTTAAGAGAGTCATAGTTACTCCCGCCGTTTACCCGCGCTTGGTTGA ATTTCTTCACTTTGACATTCAGAGCACTGGGCAGAAATCACATTGTGTCAACACCATTTTCTGGCCATCACAATGCTATGTTTTAATTAGACAGTCAGAT TCCCCTTGTCCGTTCCAGTTCATAGTTGACAGTTAATTGCTTGCCAGACGCTTTTAAAGGCTGCCCAAAACATCACAATAAAGTTCCATCCAAGTCCGCC ACTAGTTTCCTAGTAGTAGTCCTAGTCAGATCCTTAAAGATCTATTAAGGGCCCAACAAGCCCTGCCCTATGAGCCAATCCTTTTCCCTAAGTTACGGAT CTATTTTGCCGACTTCCCTTATCTACATTATTCTATTGACCAGAGGCTGATCACCTTGGGGACCTGATGCGGATATTGGTACAGTTGGGTACAAGACTTT TTCAATCCCTTGGTTTTTCAAGGATCCTCAAGGACACACCAGACTTTACAGAGGTGTAAAGCTCTACCAATCATTAAACCCTATCTCCAAATAATTTGCT TCCAGGGTTTCAGATTGTTAAGGAGAAAAGAAAACTCTTCCTGGGGCCCTTGCAGATGTCACCAAGTTCATATATGTTACCATTCAAAATCTGTATCCCA GTTGTAGAATTTTAACTACATTCCCTTTCAATAGGTGATGCTAACAAGAGCATACTTTAAAACAGACTTTCCCTATCTTTTAGGACTGACTAACCCATGT CCAACTACTGTGACCATGGAACCCTTCCCCACTTCAGTCTTCAAGGTTCTCACTTGAATATTTGCTACTTCCACCAAGATCTGCACTAGAGGCTGTTTCA CTCAGCATCACTGCTAAAGCTTCAATACAAAACCCCCACGCCTGCCTACTCATTAATATTTTAAATAATATTAATGGCAAGGTATAGGTAATACACTTAA GCGCCATCCATTTTCAGGGCTAGTTCATTCGGCCGTTGAGTTGTTACACACTCCTTAGCGGATTCCGACTTCCATGGCCACCGTGCGGCTGTCTAGATGA ACTAACACCTTTTGTGGTGTCTCATGAGTGTATATTCTGGCACCTTAACCTTGCGTTCGGTTCATCCCGCATCGCCAGTTCTGCTTACCAAAAATGGCCC ACTAGAGACTCTCATTCAAATTCCCAAGTTCAATTAAGAAACAGGGGTATCTTACATATTTAAAGTTTGAGAATAGGTTAAGGATGTTTCATCCCCAAGG CCTCTAATCATTCGCTTTACCTCATAAAACTGATGTGAGTCTCTGCTATCCTGAGGGAAACTTCGGCAGGAACCAGCTACTAGATGGTTCGATTAGTCTT TCGCCCCTATACCCAAATTTGACAATCGATTTGCACGTCAGAACTGCTACGAGCTTCCACCAGAGTTTCCTCTGGCTTCACCCTATTCAGGCATAGTTCA CCATCTTTCGGGTCCCAACATACTTGCTCTTACTCAGTACCATCATATAAATAATCTGGACTGGTCAATGGTGCACTTTTTACAGATCCCATTTACATTC ACTTTCATTACGCATAAGGGTTTTAACACCCAAATACTCGCAAGCATGTTAGACTCCTTGGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGGGTCATTTAAAGCTATTATACCA ACATCCTCAATAAGAAAAACATTAATTTGTTTTACCAAATAAATGGCTTATTGCGATCCTCAATCTTAAACATTGTATCAAATTTAAGGATTATAACACA GCCTAAACTGTAACATCTCCAAAAACCTTCTCCAACATTCAAAGATTGATGTTGGTCTGTTAATCATTAGAATACACCTTTAAAAAAGTTGAACTAACAA TAACAAGTCTAACTTCAAATGTTTCCCTTTTAACAATTTCACGTACTGTTAACTCTCTTTCCAAAGTTCTTTTCATCTTTCCCTCACGGTACTTGTTTGC TATCGGTCTCTCACCTATATTTAGCCTTAGATGGAATTTACCACCCACTTTGAGCTGCATTCCCAAACAACTCGACTCTTAGAGACTGTATCATATAGTA CTACTTATCCATTCCATAAACGGGATTATCACCCTCAATGATGCTGTTTTCCAACAGACTTATAAATGGGGTAGCACAGAAAACAGCTCTTCAAATTACA ACTCGGACTCTAAAAGAGCCAGATTACAAATTTGGGCTTTTCCCTCTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAGGGGAATCCTTGTTAGTTTCTTTTCCTCTGCTTATTG ATATGCTTAAGTTCAGCAGGTAGTCCCACCTGATTTGAGGTCTTAAAAAAAGAATTTGTCATATTGACAGGTTAGAAGCAATTTCATTACTATAAAGAAA TGGCAGTATCTAAAAAAGATACACTTCTTAATGAAGATAATATATCACATTAAGTCAATCCAAATCAAAGTATGAAAAAAACTTATATATTTAAAGTGAG CCAATTACAGCAACACTCAAAATCCATTAAAAAATCTTAATAAAATAAAATTAATTAATGAGAAGGTTTCATGACACTCAAACAGGTGTGCCTTTTGGAA TACCAAAAGGCGCAAGGTGCGTTCAAAGATTCGATGATTCACTGAATTCTGCAATTCACATTACTTATCACATTTCACTGTGTTCTTCATCGATGTGAGA GCCTAGAGATCCATTGTTAAAAGTTATATAATTTTTTGGTTTTTACATTCTTAAAACTTGATTTTAGACAATAATAATAAGGGGGGTAATGTGACAAAGA TTAATATCTTTGCCACGTATACCAAATTACTATGTTTCAATAAAGCTACATGTAATAAGGTAGAAGTTGTTTAAATTTTAAAAATTTGAGCCACAATTAA GTGCACTCATTTTTTTAATAATGATCCTTCCGCAGGTTCACCTACGGAAACCTTGTTACGACTTTTACTTC |