Sequence LIST
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Bremia lactucae
Detail Info
Scientific Name Bremia lactucae Regel Bot. Ztg.: 666 (1843)
Synonyms Botrytis gangliformis Berk. [as 'ganglioniformis'], J. hort. Soc., London 1: 31 (1846)
Peronospora gangliformis Tul. [as 'ganglioniformis'], C. r. hebd. Séanc Acad. Sci., Paris, Paris 38: 1103 (1854)
Peronospora gangliformis (Berk.) de Bary, Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 20: 108 (1863)
Bremia centaureae Syd., Annls mycol. 21: 169 (1923)
Bremia gangliformis (Berk.) C.G. Shaw, Mycologia 41: 326 (1949)
Disease Downy mildew
Taxonomic Rank
Order Peronosporales Family Peronosporaceae
Host Plant
Common Name Lettuce (상추) Scientific Name Lactuca sativa
Common Name prickly lettuce (가시상추) Scientific Name Lactuca serriola
paper
Distribution Circumglobal where the host plant is growing
Characteristics Lesions commonly causing discoloration of the tissues, pale green or yellow, later becoming brown, poly-angular, vein-limited, frequently covering larger areas by coalescing; infected tissues become necrotic. Down present on the under surface of host leaf, but also on petioles, stems or various parts of the inflorescences, whitish, consisting of agglomerated to scattered conidiophores, felt-like, dense. Haustoria intracellular, 1-2 in single host cell, not branched, globose vesicle, symmetrical, 7-20 μm diam., covering with thin sheath. Conidiophores emerging through stomata, up to 6 in a fascicle, colorless, straight, 230-400(-640) µm long; trunk straight, 100-220(-300) µm long, 10-15 µm wide below the first branch, basal end not differentiated to slightly bulbous, up to 14 µm wide, callose plugs rarely present; branches monopodial, but rarely the first-order trichotomous, 3-5(-6) orders, callose plugs rarely present. Ultimate branchlets in pairs in most conidia, rarely single, substraight to slightly curved, 15-25(-30) µm long, tip swollen into an inverted drum-shaped vesicle, 6-12 µm diam., bearing 3-5 extensions with lengths of 3-10 µm. Conidia pale olivaceous, globose to subglobose, 14-21 μm long, 14-19 µm wide, l/w ratio 0.9-1.2 (n=176), greatest width median to submedian, tip round, base broadly round; pedicel very shortly pedicellate, having thin-walled papilla; when germinating produce germ tubes only at the tip, up to 600 μm long and 13 μm wide, sometimes branched. Resting organs not seen
Notes The well-known species Bremia lactucae was recorded on Lactuca sativa by Park (1961) for the first time in Korea. This species has been reported on more than 200 species of the family Asteraceae (Crute & Dixon, 1981). Many materials of Bremia are recently collected from plants of five host genera, Hemistepta, Ixeris, Lactuca, Sonchus, and Youngia in various localities of Korea. During their identification, the morphological study of specimens indicated that the materials might be not conspecific. The sizes of conidia were measured as 14-21 x 14-19 μm from Lactuca, 20-23 x 17-23 μm from Sonchus, 10-16 x 10-14 μm from Ixeris and Youngia, and 20-39 x 16-21 μm from Hemistepta in the present study. Sawada (1919) has described five distinct species, namely, B. elliptica, B. microspora, B. ovata, B. saussreae, and B. sonchicola to accommodate Bremia collections from different genera of the Asteraceae, with slight morphological differences, and a few additional hosts (Ito, 1938) and Bremia species (Ito & Tokunaga, 1935; Sydow, 1923; 1938) were additioned after. Some morphological studies (Ul’yanishchev et al., 1985; Stanyavichene, 1984, 1995; Yu et al., 1998) also recognized the existences of five Bremia species viz., lactucae, microspora, ovata, saussreae, and sonchicola, according to their host genera. Recently, Yu et al. (1998) had regarded 11 species of the Bremia as independent species based on morphological characteristics and host ranges. Nevertheless, most studies (Vanev et al., 1993; Kochman & Majewski, 1970) have still considered the causative organism of Bremia materials in Asteraceae as a species, Bremia lactucae
Economic importance Lettuce is one of the important vegetable crops worldwide. Downy mildew is a serious disease that devastates the crop worldwide. Bremia lactucae can infect any lettuce growth stage from seedling to mature plant. Symptoms of downy mildew appear initially as pale green to yellow spots on the upper surface of leaves. As the disease progresses, spots are often limited by the veins of the leaf, giving the lesions a rather angular appearance. Under favorable conditions, the lesions are generally covered by white conidiophores and conidia on the lower surface of the leaves. The parts of the leaf affected by downy mildew may be also covered by secondary invaders, such as Botrytis cinerea
References Choi, Y.-J., J. H. Park, J. Lee and H.-D. Shin (2018). Mycobiology 46(4): 416-420.
Choi, Y. J., S. B. Hong and H. D. Shin (2007). Mycopathologia 163(2): 91-95.
Choi, Y. J. and H. D. Shin (2008). Mycotaxon 105: 191-194.
Choi, Y. J., M. Thines, F. Runge, S. B. Hong, S. Telle and H. D. Shin (2011). Fungal Biology 115(2): 102-111.
Choi, Y. J. and M. Thines (2015). PLoS One 7: e0133655.
Shin, H. D. and Y. J. Choi (2003). Mycotaxon 86: 249-267.
Shin, H. D. and Y. J. Choi (2006). Peronosporaceae of Korea. Suwon, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology.
Images
Disease symptoms (field)
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Disease symptoms (Stereo-microscopy)
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DIC microscopy
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MN000001 ITS ( 1,722 bp ) 
GACCAATTTTGTAGAACTTTGAAACAGTAAAGTGCTGTTGCCAACTCTTTATAGTCTCTCCGAACGCCTCAATAAGCCATTCAATCGGTAGTAGCGACGG
GCGGTGTGTACAAAGGGCAGGGACGTAATCAACGCATGCTGATGACATACGCTTACTAGGTATTCCTCGTTGAAGAGCAATAATTGCAATGCTCTATCCC
CATCACGACCAAGTTTCACAAGATTACCCAATCCTTTCAGATAAGGTGATATACTCGCTGGCTTGGTCAGTGTAGCGCGCGTGCGGCCCAGAACATCTAA
GGGCATCACAGACCTGTTATTGCCTCCAACTTCCATCAACTAAACGTTGATAGTCCCTCTAAGAAGTCAGCAGTCAGCCTTAGCCAACTGGACTATTTAG
CAGGAGAAGGTCTCGTTCGTTATCGGAATTAACCAGACAAATCACTCCACCAACTAAGAACGGCCATGCACCACCAACCACAAAATCAAGAAAAAGCTAT
CAATCTGTCAATCCTTACTGTGTCTGGACCTGGTGAGTTTCCCCGTGTTGAGTCAAATTAAGCCGCAGGCTCCACACCTGGTGGTGCCCTTCCGTCAATT
CCTTTAAGTTTCAGCCTTGTGACCGTACTCCCCCACGAACCTAAACTTAAGGTTTCCCTTTGGGTGCCAAACAAGTCATTAAAAATCCTTGTCTGATCCC
CAGTCGGCATAGTTTACTGTTAAGACTACAACGGTATCTGATCGTTTTTGAACCCTTAACCTTCGTTCTTGATCAATGAAATCATCCTTGGCAGATGCTT
TCGCAGTAGTTTGTCTTACATCAATCCAAGAATTTCACCTCTGACGATGTAATACAAATGCCCCCAACTGACCCTATTAATCATTACGGTAACTCTAGAA
ACCAACAAAATAGAGATACACATCCTATTTTATTATTCCATGCTAATGTATTCAGGCAAAAGCCTGCTTTGAACACTCTAATTTTTTCAAAGTAAAAGTC
CTGGTTCCTTTCAACACCCAGTAAAGTGCATTGAAGTTCACCAAGAGGTAAGCCTCCAACAAATCAGTACACACCAAAAGGCAGACCAACTGTCAGAGGC
TGAAGTTTGACTACGAGCTTTTTAACGTCAACAATTTTAATATACGCTATTGGAGCTGGAATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACCAGACTTGCCCTCCAATTGA
TCCTTGTTAAGGGATTTAAATTGTACTCATTCCAATTGTAAGACCCAAAAGAGCCATACATTGTTATTTATTGTCACTACCTCCCCGTGTTGGGATTGGG
TAATTTGCGCGCCTGCTGCAATCCTTAGATTTGAGGGCCGTTTCTCAGGCCCTCTCTCCGGAATCGAACCCTTATTCCCCGTTACCCGTCATCACCATGG
TAGGCCTCTATCCTACCATCGAAAGTTGATAGGGCAGATATTTGAATGAAGCATCACCGGCACAAGGCCATGCGATTAGAGAAGTTATTATGAATCACCA
AAGAGACCCAAGGGTCATTGGTTTTTTATCTAATAAATACACCCCTCCCAGAGGTTGGGGCTTTTTCAGCATGTATTAGCTCTAGAATTACCACAGTTAT
CCATGTAGTAAGGTATCATCAAATAAACTATAACTGATTTAATGAGCCATTCGCAGTTTCACTGTATAGTTGTTTATACTTAGACATGCATGGCTTAATC
TTTGAGACAAGCATATGACTAC
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KUS-F00001 cox2 ( 1,722 bp ) 
GACCAATTTTGTAGAACTTTGAAACAGTAAAGTGCTGTTGCCAACTCTTTATAGTCTCTCCGAACGCCTCAATAAGCCATTCAATCGGTAGTAGCGACGG
GCGGTGTGTACAAAGGGCAGGGACGTAATCAACGCATGCTGATGACATACGCTTACTAGGTATTCCTCGTTGAAGAGCAATAATTGCAATGCTCTATCCC
CATCACGACCAAGTTTCACAAGATTACCCAATCCTTTCAGATAAGGTGATATACTCGCTGGCTTGGTCAGTGTAGCGCGCGTGCGGCCCAGAACATCTAA
GGGCATCACAGACCTGTTATTGCCTCCAACTTCCATCAACTAAACGTTGATAGTCCCTCTAAGAAGTCAGCAGTCAGCCTTAGCCAACTGGACTATTTAG
CAGGAGAAGGTCTCGTTCGTTATCGGAATTAACCAGACAAATCACTCCACCAACTAAGAACGGCCATGCACCACCAACCACAAAATCAAGAAAAAGCTAT
CAATCTGTCAATCCTTACTGTGTCTGGACCTGGTGAGTTTCCCCGTGTTGAGTCAAATTAAGCCGCAGGCTCCACACCTGGTGGTGCCCTTCCGTCAATT
CCTTTAAGTTTCAGCCTTGTGACCGTACTCCCCCACGAACCTAAACTTAAGGTTTCCCTTTGGGTGCCAAACAAGTCATTAAAAATCCTTGTCTGATCCC
CAGTCGGCATAGTTTACTGTTAAGACTACAACGGTATCTGATCGTTTTTGAACCCTTAACCTTCGTTCTTGATCAATGAAATCATCCTTGGCAGATGCTT
TCGCAGTAGTTTGTCTTACATCAATCCAAGAATTTCACCTCTGACGATGTAATACAAATGCCCCCAACTGACCCTATTAATCATTACGGTAACTCTAGAA
ACCAACAAAATAGAGATACACATCCTATTTTATTATTCCATGCTAATGTATTCAGGCAAAAGCCTGCTTTGAACACTCTAATTTTTTCAAAGTAAAAGTC
CTGGTTCCTTTCAACACCCAGTAAAGTGCATTGAAGTTCACCAAGAGGTAAGCCTCCAACAAATCAGTACACACCAAAAGGCAGACCAACTGTCAGAGGC
TGAAGTTTGACTACGAGCTTTTTAACGTCAACAATTTTAATATACGCTATTGGAGCTGGAATTACCGCGGCTGCTGGCACCAGACTTGCCCTCCAATTGA
TCCTTGTTAAGGGATTTAAATTGTACTCATTCCAATTGTAAGACCCAAAAGAGCCATACATTGTTATTTATTGTCACTACCTCCCCGTGTTGGGATTGGG
TAATTTGCGCGCCTGCTGCAATCCTTAGATTTGAGGGCCGTTTCTCAGGCCCTCTCTCCGGAATCGAACCCTTATTCCCCGTTACCCGTCATCACCATGG
TAGGCCTCTATCCTACCATCGAAAGTTGATAGGGCAGATATTTGAATGAAGCATCACCGGCACAAGGCCATGCGATTAGAGAAGTTATTATGAATCACCA
AAGAGACCCAAGGGTCATTGGTTTTTTATCTAATAAATACACCCCTCCCAGAGGTTGGGGCTTTTTCAGCATGTATTAGCTCTAGAATTACCACAGTTAT
CCATGTAGTAAGGTATCATCAAATAAACTATAACTGATTTAATGAGCCATTCGCAGTTTCACTGTATAGTTGTTTATACTTAGACATGCATGGCTTAATC
TTTGAGACAAGCATATGACTAC
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